I. Pharmacy Practice

A. General Pharmacy Practice

PP1 Identify and analyze emerging issues, products, and services that may impact patient-specific outcomes
PP2 Identify drug products by their generic, brand, and common names; uses and indications; contraindications, warnings and precautions; adverse reactions, allergies, or drug-induced illness

B. Patient Assessment and Care

PP3 Evaluate patient problems and triage patients to other health professionals as appropriate.
PP4 Identify pharmacotherapeutic outcomes, endpoints and document interventions
PP5 Obtain, interpret and evaluate patient information to design, implement, monitor, evaluate, and adjust pharmaceutical care plans that are patient-specific and evidence-based
PP6 Identify, evaluate, and communicate to the patient or health-care provider, the appropriateness of the patient’s specific pharmacotherapeutic agents, dosing regimens, dosage forms, routes of administration, and delivery systems
PP7 Communicate and collaborate with prescribers, patients, caregivers, other involved health care providers, and administrative and supportive personnel to identify and resolve medication use problems
PP8 Educate patients, the public and health care professionals regarding medications, wellness and safety
PP9 Identify and evaluate patient factors, genetic factors, biosocial factors, and concurrent drug therapy that are relevant to the maintenance of wellness or the prevention of disease
PP10 Recommend, counsel, and monitor patient use of nonprescription drugs and relevant diet, nutrition, and non-drug therapies
PP11 Educate patients, the public and health-care professionals regarding the selection, use and care of medical/surgical appliances and devices, self-care products, and durable medical equipment, as well as products and techniques for self-monitoring of health status and medical conditions
PP12 Identify and use instruments and techniques related to patient assessment and diagnosis or to administer medications
PP13 Demonstrate emergency first care techniques
PP14 Select and dispense medications in a manner that promotes safe and effective use

C. Literature Evaluation

PP15 Evaluate the suitability, accuracy, and reliability of professional literature references by examining experimental design, statistical tests and results
PP16 Access, evaluate, and apply professional information and literature to promote optimal health care

II. Pharmaceutical Sciences

A. Biological Sciences

PS1 Maintain professional competence by identifying and analyzing emerging technology, issues, and products in science that may impact the choice of appropriate pharmacotherapeutic agents
PS2 Explain the structure and function of cells, cell components, organs, and body systems in healthy and diseased individuals
PS3 Identify and define the terminology, signs, and symptoms associated with diseases and medical conditions
PS4 Describe the principles of human immunity and the immune response
PS5 Explain the fundamentals of infectious disease, host-organism interactions and differences, organism pathogenicity, clinical aspects of infection, and epidemiology
PS6 Apply the fundamentals of laboratory medicine and clinical values to screening, diagnosis, and disease state management
PS7 Describe the use of molecular biology to produce therapeutic agents

C. Chemistry

PS8 Identify physicochemical properties of drug substances, including biomacromolecules, that affect their solubility, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and stability
PS9 Recognize fundamental pharmacophores and apply structure activity relationships to drug-receptor interactions
PS10 Identify the important physicochemical properties of a preparation’s active and inactive ingredients; describe the mechanism of, and the characteristic evidence of incompatibility or degradation; and identify methods for achieving stabilization of the preparation
PS11 Apply mathematical relationships to determine the drug solubility, concentration or extent of ionization to explain activity or disposition of pharmacotherapeutic agents

D. Pharmacodynamics

PS12 Identify the known or postulated sites and mechanisms of action, specific uses, and indications for traditional, alternative and complementary medicines and treatments
PS13 Identify the pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and chemical interactions associated with a drug product’s active and inactive ingredients; including interactions with other drugs, food, diagnostic tests, and monitoring procedures
PS14 Identify patient factors, genetic factors, and population-specific factors, to optimize the choice of pharmacotherapeutic agents, dosing regimens, dosage forms, routes of administration, and delivery systems
PS15 Describe the mechanism of adverse reactions, allergies, side effects and iatrogenic or drug-induced illness
PS16 Identify the toxicities and antidotes for xenobiotics, therapeutic agents and drugs of abuse

E. Pharmacokinetics

PS17 Describe the fundamentals of pharmacokinetic processes, ie ADME
PS18 Identify, apply and interpret biopharmaceutic principles and the pharmaceutical characteristics of drug dosage forms and delivery systems, to assure bioavailability and enhance patient compliance
PS19 Identify pharmacokinetic parameters and quality assurance data to determine equivalence among manufactured drug products, and identify products for which documented evidence of inequivalence exists

F. Pharmaceutical Compounding

PS20 Apply arithmetic functions to prescription and medication orders for compounded preparations and drug products to establish or substantiate that a patient receives the correct quantity, dose and rate of administration for optimal pharmacotherapy.
PS21 Prepare and compound extemporaneous preparations and sterile products.
PS22 Identify appropriate information regarding packaging, storage, handling and administration
PS23 Identify and use equipment necessary to prepare and compound extemporaneous medications and sterile products.

III. Social and Administrative Sciences

A. Pharmacy Operations

SS1 Describe health care delivery systems and the influence of government, insurers, pharmaceutical industry and managed care to distribute pharmaceutical products and services
SS2 Manage human, physical, medical, informational and technological resources to effectively evaluate, administer and develop medication use and informational system and services
SS3 Apply relevant legal, ethical, social, economic, and professional principles/guidelines to assure efficient, cost-effective utilization of human, physical, medical, informational and technological resources in the provision of patient care
SS4 Apply patient- and population-specific data, quality assurance strategies, and research processes to optimize patient outcomes and to prevent and resolve drug misadventuring
SS5 Develop and implement population-specific, evidence-based disease management programs and protocols based upon analysis of epidemiological data, medication use criteria, medication use review and risk reduction strategies
SS6 Apply patient- and population-specific data, quality assurance strategies and research processes to develop drug use and health policy, and to examine and design pharmacy benefits
SS7 Analyze and plan access to effective, quality health and disease prevention services
SS8 Identify and analyze the impact of issues, products and services on the past, present and future practice of pharmacy

B. Pharmacy Communications

SS9 Communicate and collaborate with patients, prescribers, other health care providers and administrative and support personnel to engender a team approach to assure and promote efficient, cost-effective rational drug therapy and wellness
SS10 Communicate and collaborate with prescribers, policy makers, members of the community and other involved health care providers and administrative and support personnel regarding rational drug therapy, wellness and health promotion to identify and resolve public health problems and policy
SS 11 Use proper counseling techniques to communicate with the patient on medication use, health and wellness
SS12 Use proper communication skills to render pharmaceutical care in Spanish

C. Pharmacy Professionalism

SS13 Develop professional, ethical, moral, and culturally competent behavior to optimize patient
care and collaboration with other health care providers
SS14 Apply ethical and legal decision making to the development, promotion, sale and use of drugs
SS15 Apply ethical, moral and pharmacoeconomic principles to quality of life issues 

General Outcomes

I. Communication

The student should be able transmit ideas and information through situation-appropriate verbal, non-verbal and written methods that are clear, concise, accurate, and logical.

G1. Uses correct grammar, punctuation, spelling, sentence and paragraph structure
G2. Writes clearly and concisely
G3. Records information accurately, legibly and succinctly
G4. Uses appropriate citations
G5. Presents oral communications in a clear, concise and logical manner at the level
appropriate for the audience
G6. Uses active listening when communicating
G7. Communicates with sensitivity, empathy and tact
G8. Speaks to an individual using non-verbal messages that are congruent with the
verbal message
G9. Interprets non-verbal messages from the listener and then alters communication to facilitate understanding or acceptance

II. Computations

The student should be able to use calculations to evaluate clinical parameters, safely and accurately prepare, dispense and administer medications, perform business math and bio-statistical analyses.

G10. Solves mathematical problems with or without a calculator
G11. Applies algebraic, logarithmic and exponential functions
G12. Applies mathematical functions to complex pharmaceutical calculations and business analyses
G13. Performs bio-statistical analyses both manually and using available software packages

III. Computer skills

The student should be able to use technology to facilitate communication, research topics, organize time, and manipulate and graph data.

G14. Uses most of the features of a word processing program to write various written communications
G15. Uses audio-visual aids
G16. Writes professional e-mails
G17. Designs and posts a web page
G18. Retrieves information from the Internet and electronic databases
G19. Uses appropriate research, business or clinical equipment
G20. Uses technology to schedule, maintain and track appointments, contacts and tasks
G21. Maintains an electronic portfolio
G22. Manipulates, analyzes and graphs data

IV. Critical thinking

The student should be able to think critically to answer questions or solve problems.

G23. Defines problems, formulates vital questions and uses sound methodology to seek answers
G24. Gathers and assesses relevant information using it to come to well-reasoned conclusions
G25. Tests those conclusions against accepted criteria and standards
G26. Thinks open-mindedly within unconventional systems of thought while accessing those systems
for validity
G27. Performs with self-direction and self-assessment 

V. Citizenship

The student displays citizenship by the legal, moral, and ethical attitudes and behaviors consistent with the Incarnate Word, Jesus Christ.

G28. Follows the expectations of civil, criminal and pharmacy law
G29. Embodies a sense of duty to profession, patients, self, family and community
G30. Espouses specific moral teachings and positive values and expectations for just, charitable, and mutually respectful behavior
G31. Projects concern and compassion for the needs of others and performs service for the common good
G32. Maintains a high level of professional competence and self-discipline
G33. Displays honesty and integrity
G34. Accepts and interacts with persons of diverse cultures, ethnicities, faiths and beliefs
G35. Engages in lifelong learning and embraces lifestyles that promote the development of the whole person
G36. Promotes the values of Jesus Christ through words and deeds